How do electricity transformers work?

Electrical Transformer works based on the principle of electromagnetic induction and transmits electrical energy between circuits of different voltage levels. Transformers are an important component of power transmission and distribution systems, enabling efficient power transmission over long distances with minimal energy loss.

The working principle of Electrical Transformer is as follows:

Basic structure: A typical transformer consists of two coils, called a primary and a secondary coil, which are usually wound around a core made of a ferromagnetic material such as iron. The primary coil is connected to the input voltage source, while the secondary coil is connected to the output circuit.

Electromagnetic Induction: When alternating current (AC) passes through a primary coil, it creates a changing magnetic field around the coil. This changing magnetic field induces a voltage in the secondary coil through electromagnetic induction.

Transformer function: The alternating magnetic field generated by the primary coil passes through the iron core and effectively couples the magnetic field with the secondary coil. As a result, the changing magnetic field induces a voltage in the secondary coil depending on the turns ratio of the primary and secondary coils.

Voltage Transformation: The voltage induced in the secondary coil is proportional to the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary coil to the number of turns in the primary coil. If the secondary coil has more turns than the primary coil, the output voltage will be higher than the input voltage (step-up transformer). Conversely, if the secondary coil has fewer turns than the primary coil, the output voltage will be lower than the input voltage (step-down transformer).

Current and Power Transformation: When a transformer changes the voltage between the primary and secondary circuits, the change is inversely proportional to the current. In other words, according to the law of conservation of energy, if the voltage increases, the current will decrease and vice versa.

Efficiency: Transformers are designed to be efficient, minimizing energy loss in the form of heat during the conversion process. However, there are inherent losses due to factors such as winding resistance and core losses.

Electrical Transformers play a vital role in power systems by facilitating the efficient transmission, distribution and utilization of electricity by changing voltage levels while maintaining the frequency of electrical signals.